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== A mail server with Postfixadmin, Postfix and Dovecot on Debian Lenny ==

This HOWTO will explain the installation and configuration of a full featured mail server using Postfix as SMTP server, Dovecot as POP/IMAP server and Postfixadmin as management interface. As Postfixadmin need a database to maintain account and domain informations we will use MySQL (but also PostgresSQL or SQLite can be used). All the configurations were done on a Debian Lenny system.

=== Postfixadmin Installation ===

Postfixadmin is distributed as Debian package directly by the maintainer, but we need to download just the {{{.deb}}} file from [http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=191583&package_id=225300 here] because there is no repository. Before installing it we will need to install some dependencies (a web server, and because we want to use it on a standalone server, also a database server). We choose to use Apache as web server and MySQL as database server, so we will need to install their packages and also the other Postfixadmin dependencies; this can be done the Debian way with the command:

{{{

aptitude install dbconfig-common wwwconfig-common  \

      libapache2-mod-php5 php5 php5-imap php5-mysql \

      mysql-client mysql-server postfix-mysql

}}}

and we will also have to answer to the ordinary setup questions made by ''debconf''; we can just accept the default values, but we will have to give a password for the default MySQL {{{root}}} administrative account.

Before installing the Postfixadmin {{{.deb}}} file we will also need to create a dedicated database and a database account to manage it; we can do this with the following commands:

{{{

mysqladmin -u root -p create postfixadmin

mysql -u root -p

mysql> grant create, select, insert, update, delete, lock, index, alter, drop 

             on postfixadmin.* to 'postfixadmin'@'localhost' 

             identified by 'secretandcomplexpassword';

mysql> flush privileges;

mysql> \q

}}}

(they will ask for the {{{root}}} account password that was given in the previous step). After this we can install the {{{.deb}}} file with:

{{{

dpkg -i postfixadmin_*.deb 

}}}

There are two possible choices for Postfixadmin: the 2.2 stable version and the new 2.3 release candidate; this last one supports more features and is almost production ready. If you use the 2.2 stable version you will need to modify the following lines of the {{{/etc/postfixadmin/config.inc.php}}} file to setup the access to the previously created database:

{{{

$CONF['configured'] = true;

...

$CONF['database_type'] = 'mysql';

$CONF['database_host'] = 'localhost';

$CONF['database_user'] = 'postfixadmin';

$CONF['database_password'] = 'secretandcomplexpassword';

$CONF['database_name'] = 'postfixadmin';

}}}

If instead you use the 2.3 development version, having {{{dbconfig-common}}} e {{{wwwconfig-common}}} installed,  the previous step of the database creation is managed by the package itself and it is no more needed. Also the database access configuration inside {{{/etc/postfixadmin/config.inc.php}}} is automatically done by ''debconf'', so all is needed is to give to ''debconf'' the password of the MySQL {{{root}}} user that you setup at the beginning, and then answer to the ''debconf'' questions about the password used for the Postfixadmin dedicated database user.

After this you can proceed to populate the database, this should be done using Postfixadmin itself, using the following link in your browser (you can use the same link for database upgrade or to reset the Postfixadmin superuser password):

{{{

http://MY.POSTFIXADMIN.SERVER.IP/postfixadmin/setup.php

}}}

up to 2.2 version this PHP script should be run once, and the removed after its use; with the 2.3 version when using it for the first time it would ask you for a setup password, then printing an hashed value that you will need to put inside the {{{/etc/postfixadmin/config.inc.php}}} file, modifying the following line:

{{{

$CONF['setup_password'] = 'changeme';

}}}

with this modification done you will need to re-execute the script going back to {{{http://MY.POSTFIXADMIN.SERVER.IP/postfixadmin/setup.php}}}; this time you can give the setup password to create the superuser Postfixadmin account having full access to all management functions: take note that like all Postfixadmin account this also should be given in the form of an email address (something like {{{admin@mydomain.it}}}).

To check that this initial setup has been completed successfully you can see if everything is working fine going to the {{{http://MY.POSTFIXADMIN.SERVER.IP/postfixadmin}}} address, logging in using the superuser account you just created.  After this check you can pass to the following steps; the first one is to put proper references to your main domain in the web interface; this can be done with:

{{{

cd /etc/postfixadmin/

mv config.inc.php config.inc.php.orig

sed -e 's/change-this-to-your.domain.tld/mydomain.it/g' config.inc.php.orig > config.inc.php

}}}

then we can check the file to be sure that all link to web pages are correct (they will be always something like 

{{{http://mydomain.it}}}).

The second step is to configure the mailbox pathname, we choose to map an email account like {{{username@mydomain.it}}}) to a mailbox like {{{mydomain.it/username}}}, to do this we have to put the following configuration values in the {{{/etc/postfixadmin/config.inc.php}}} file:

{{{

$CONF['domain_path'] = 'YES';

$CONF['domain_in_mailbox'] = 'NO';

}}}

Then if you want to enable quotas you need to modify also the following line:

{{{

$CONF['quota'] = 'YES';

}}}

and if you want to enable the {{{vacation}}} support you will need the following lines:

{{{

$CONF['vacation'] = 'YES';

$CONF['vacation_domain'] = 'autoreply.mydomain.it'

}}}

where {{{autoreplay.mydomain.it}}} is the domain used by Postfix to manage {{{vacation}}} email (we'll look at this in the following).  Other configuration that can be modified are the following:

{{{

$CONF['default_language'] = 'it';

$CONF['min_password_length'] = 6;

$CONF['aliases'] = '50';

$CONF['mailboxes'] = '50';

$CONF['maxquota'] = '50';

}}}

to setup the web interface language, a minimum length for the accounts password, and the default limit on number of alias, mailbox and quota given to each domain (0 means no limit).

If you install the 2.3 version there is a new simplified management for to have the same aliases on more domains; this need more database queries and a modified Postfix configuration, so is better to disable it with:

{{{

$CONF['alias_domain'] = 'NO';

}}}

=== Postfix configuration ===

We need now to tell Postfix to use Postfixadmin data for email account and domains, the first step is to create a base directory for the mailboxes, and we will also need a system user that will own all the files. So after checking that there is enough space on the choosen filesystem we can do this with the following commands:

{{{

mkdir /var/mail/vmail

useradd -d /var/mail/vmail vmail

chown vmail:vmail /var/mail/vmail/

chmod o-xr /var/mail/vmail/

}}}

Then we need to tell Postfix to use the account informations stored in the database for its virtual mailbox; this can be done adding the following lines to {{{/etc/postfix/main.cf}}}:

{{{

virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf

virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf

virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf

virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mail/vmail

virtual_minimum_uid = 106

virtual_transport = virtual

virtual_uid_maps = static:106

virtual_gid_maps = static:61

}}}

where 106 e 61 are the numeric uid and gid for the {{{vmail}}} user (these number can be different in each system so you have to check them yourself with something like {{{getent passwd|grep vmail}}}).

Then we need to create all the {{{mysql_*}}} files with the configuration to access the database stored information; the first one, {{{mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf}}}, is for the aliases definitions and it should be something like:

{{{

user = postfixadmin

password = secretandcomplexpassword

hosts = localhost

dbname = postfixadmin

query = SELECT goto FROM alias WHERE address='%s' AND active = 1

}}}

the second one, {{{mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf}}}, is for the domain definitions, and it should be something like:

{{{

user = postfixadmin

password = secretandcomplexpassword

hosts = localhost

dbname = postfixadmin

query = SELECT domain FROM domain WHERE domain='%s' and backupmx = '0' and active = '1'

}}}

the third one, {{{mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf}}}, is for the mailbox pathname, and it should be something like:

{{{

user = postfixadmin

password = secretandcomplexpassword

hosts = localhost

dbname = postfixadmin

query = SELECT maildir FROM mailbox WHERE username='%s' AND active = 1

}}}

If we also need to manage secondary mail server using Postfixadmin  {{{main.cf}}} di Postfix la riga:

{{{

relay_domains = $mydestination, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_relay_domains_maps.cf

}}}

dove in {{{mysql_relay_domains_maps.cf}}} dovrà essere qualcosa del tipo:

{{{

user = postfixadmin

password = passsegretaedifficile

hosts = localhost

dbname = postfixadmin

query = SELECT domain FROM domain WHERE domain='%s' and backupmx = '1' and active = '1'

}}}

=== Uso di vacation ===

Se si è scelto di usare {{{vacation}}} la configurazione diventa leggermente più complessa, anzitutto si deve creare un utente apposito per la gestione dei delle risposte automatiche, questo lo si può fare con i seguenti comandi che assicurano che l'utente abbia i minimi privilegi:

{{{

groupadd -g 65501 vacation

useradd -g 65501 -u 65501 -c Vacation -s /sbin/nologin -d /nonexistent vacation

}}}

dopo di che si dovrà creare una directory ad accesso esclusivo di questo utente dove saranno mantenuti anche i suoi file temporanei, questo si fa con i comandi:

{{{

mkdir /var/spool/vacation

chown -R vacation.vacation /var/spool/vacation

chmod o-xr /var/spool/vacation 

}}}

infine si dovrà copiare lo script perl fornito con [http://postfixadmin.sourceforge.net/ PostfixAdmin] nella suddetta directory e renderlo eseguibile:

{{{

cd /usr/share/doc/postfixadmin/examples/VIRTUAL_VACATION/

zcat vacation.pl.gz > /var/spool/vacation/vacation.pl

chmod 700 /var/spool/vacation/vacation.pl

}}}

per farlo funzionare sono però necessari una serie di moduli per il perl, che si dovranno installare con:

{{{

aptitude install libemail-valid-perl libmime-encwords-perl libmime-perl \

         libmail-sender-perl liblog-log4perl-perl

}}}

inoltre si dovranno modificare le prime righe dello script dove sono impostate le credenziali di accesso al database, con qualcosa del genere:

{{{

our $db_type = 'mysql';

our $db_host = 'localhost';

our $db_username = 'postfixadmin';

our $db_password = 'passsegretaedifficile';

our $db_name     = 'postfixadmin';

our $vacation_domain = 'autoreply.miodominio.it';

}}}

Occorre poi eseguire una configurazione ulteriore di Postfix, anzitutto occorre definire un nuovo tipo di trasporto ad uso di vacation, aggiungendo le righe seguenti a {{{/etc/postfix/master.cf}}}:

{{{

vacation    unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe

  flags=Rq user=vacation argv=/var/spool/vacation/vacation.pl -f ${sender} -- ${recipient}

}}}

dopo di che si dovrà utilizzarlo per il trasporto delle email indirizzate ad {{{autoreply.miodominio.it}}}, definendo dentro {{{/etc/postfix/transport}}}:

{{{

autoreply.miodominio.it       vacation:

}}}

ed infine aggiungere a {{{/etc/postfix/main.cf}}}:

{{{

transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport

}}}

fatto questo si dovrà fare usare a Postfix la nuova configurazione con:

{{{

postmap /etc/postfix/transport

postfix reload

}}}

=== Configurare Dovecot per Postfixadmin ===

Per l'accesso alla posta mantenuta da Postfixadmin è necessario un server IMAP, vedremo allora come configurare Dovecot che fornisce comunque anche l'accesso con POP, ed il tutto sia in chiaro che con cifratura sotto SSL.  Si inizi anzitutto con l'installare le varie componenti di Dovecot, questo si fa al solito con:

{{{

aptitude install dovecot-imapd dovecot-pop3d

}}}

la configurazione di base dovrà essere modificata anzitutto per il fatto che la posta deve essere trovate in delle maildir a partire dalla directory {{{/var/mail/vmail}}} ed acceduta con l'utente  {{{vmail}}} creato in precedenza, nel nostro caso questo comporta la modifica delle seguenti righe de file di configurazione principale che è {{{/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf}}}:

{{{

mail_location = maildir:/var/mail/vmail/%d/%n

mail_privileged_group = vmail

first_valid_uid = 106

}}}

(dove 106 è l'uid dell'utente {{{vmail}}}). 

Occorre poi disabilitare l'autenticazione sugli utenti locali (via PAM) ed utilizzare i dati di MySQL, questo comporta la sostituzione delle direttive {{{userdb}}} e {{{passdb}}} che fan riferimento a PAM con le seguenti che indicano il file da usare per i parametri di accesso al database:

{{{

  passdb sql {

    args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-mysql.conf

  }

  userdb sql {

    args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-mysql.conf

  }

}}}

ed infine dovremo inserire nel file {{{/etc/dovecot/dovecot-mysql.conf}}} le necessarie configurazioni per l'accesso al database ed ai relativi dati, con un contenuto del tipo di:

{{{

driver = mysql

connect = host=localhost dbname=postfixadmin user=postfixadmin password=passsegretaedifficile client_flags=0

default_pass_scheme = MD5

user_query = SELECT maildir, 106 AS uid, 61 AS gid FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u'

password_query = SELECT password FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u' AND active = '1' 

}}}

(dove 106 e 61 sono uid e gid dell'utente {{{vmail}}}).